–ó–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø–æ—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏—Ü—ã – –û–±–∂–µ–≥—Å—è –Ω–∞ –º–æ–ª–æ–∫–µ, –¥—É–µ—Ç –∏ –Ω–∞ –≤–æ–¥—É
“–û–±–∂–µ–≥—Å—è –Ω–∞ –º–æ–ª–æ–∫–µ, –¥—É–µ—Ç –∏ –Ω–∞ –≤–æ–¥—É“
–°–º—ã—Å–ª: —Ç–æ—Ç, –∫—Ç–æ –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞-—Ç–æ –æ—à–∏–±—Å—è, —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è –∏–∑–ª–∏—à–Ω–µ –æ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–∂–Ω—ã–º. –ì–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—Å—è –æ —á—å–µ–π-–ª–∏–±–æ –∏–∑–ª–∏—à–Ω–µ–π –ø—Ä–µ–¥—É—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –∏–ª–∏ –æ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏, –≤—ã–∑–≤–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ—à–ª—ã–º –æ–ø—ã—Ç–æ–º.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä—ã –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
1) ‚Äî –° –°–µ–º—ë–Ω–æ–≤—ã–º-—Ç–æ –º—ã, –≤–µ—Ä–Ω–æ, –æ–±–æ–∂–≥–ª–∏—Å—å, ‚Äî –Ω–∞—Å—É–ø–∏–≤ –±—Ä–æ–≤–∏, –±—É—Ä–∫–Ω—É–ª –ö–∞–ø–∏—Ç–æ–Ω—ã—á. ‚Äî –ê –æ–±–∂—ë–≥—à–∏—Å—å –Ω–∞ –º–æ–ª–æ–∫–µ, –¥—É–µ—à—å –∏ –Ω–∞ –≤–æ–¥—É (–ö. –°–µ–¥—ã—Ö, “–î–∞—É—Ä–∏—è”);
2) ‚Äî –ö–∞–∫–∏–µ –æ–Ω –º–Ω–µ –¥–∞–≤–∞–ª –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω—ã–µ —Å–æ–≤–µ—Ç—ã… –æ—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω–Ω–æ… –æ—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –Ω–∞—Å—á—ë—Ç –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—à–µ–Ω–∏–π –∫ –∂–µ–Ω—â–∏–Ω–∞–º. ‚Äî A–≥a! –ù–∞ —Å–≤–æ—ë–º –º–æ–ª–æ–∫–µ –æ–±–∂—ë–≥—Å—è, –Ω–∞ —á—É–∂—É—é –≤–æ–¥—É –¥—É–µ—Ç (–ò. –¢—É—Ä–≥–µ–Ω–µ–≤, “–û—Ç—Ü—ã –∏ –¥–µ—Ç–∏”);
3) ‚Äî –ó–∞–º—É–∂ –Ω–µ –≤—ã—à–ª–∞? ‚Äî –ß—Ç–æ —Ç—ã, –º—É–∂—á–∏–Ω —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–∏–Ω—Ü–∏–ø–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ. –û–±–æ–∂–≥–ª–∞—Å—å –Ω–∞ –∫–∏–ø—è—â–µ–º –º–æ–ª–æ–∫–µ, –¥—É–µ—Ç –∏ –Ω–∞ —Ä–æ–¥–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤—É—é –≤–æ–¥—É! (–ê. –ê–≤–¥–µ–µ–Ω–∫–æ, “–í –ø–æ—Ç–µ –ª–∏—Ü–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–≥–æ…”).
“–û–≤—á–∏–Ω–∫–∞ –≤—ã–¥–µ–ª–∫–∏ –Ω–µ —Å—Ç–æ–∏—Ç“
–ü—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å—Å –æ–±—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∏ (–≤—ã–¥–µ–ª–∫–∏) —à–∫—É—Ä —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω —Å –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–π –∑–∞—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–æ–π –≤—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–∏ –∏ —Ç—Ä—É–¥–∞. –ü–ª–æ—Ö—É—é —à–∫—É—Ä—É –Ω–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —Å–º—ã—Å–ª–∞ –≤—ã–¥–µ–ª—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å, —Ç–∞–∫ –∫–∞–∫ –∑–∞—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç—ã –Ω–∞ –æ–±—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫—É –Ω–µ –æ–∫—É–ø—è—Ç—Å—è.
–°–º—ã—Å–ª: –¥–µ–ª–æ –Ω–µ —Å—Ç–æ–∏—Ç –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–∞ –Ω–µ–≥–æ —Å—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤ –∏ —Å–∏–ª. –ì–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—Å—è, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è, —Å–∏–ª—ã –∏–ª–∏ —Å—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–∞ —Ç—Ä–∞—Ç—è—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –¥–µ–ª–æ, –Ω–µ –∑–∞—Å–ª—É–∂–∏–≤–∞—é—â–µ–µ –≤–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏—è.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä—ã –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
1) –Ø –∏—Å–ø–∏—Å–∞–ª –ø–æ—á—Ç–∏ –≤—Å—é –±—É–º–∞–≥—É, –∞ –ø–æ –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –º–Ω–æ—é —Å—Ü–µ–Ω –Ω–µ —É—Å—Ç—É–ø–ª—é —Ç—Ä—ë–º –±–æ–ª—å—à–∏–º –¥—Ä–∞–º–∞–º. –ë–æ—é—Å—å –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ, —á—Ç–æ –æ–≤—á–∏–Ω–∫–∞ –Ω–µ —Å—Ç–æ–∏—Ç –≤—ã–¥–µ–ª–∫–∏ (–í. –ù–µ–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∏—á-–î–∞–Ω—á–µ–Ω–∫–æ, “–ü–∏—Å—å–º–æ –ê. –ò. –°—É–º–±–∞—Ç–æ–≤—É” (–Æ–∂–∏–Ω—É), 21 –∏—é–ª—è 1887);
2) –°–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª–∏—Å—Ç—ã, –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—è —Å–≤–æ–∏ –≤–ª–∞–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è, –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∏—Ä—É—é—Ç –º–Ω–æ–∂–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º —Ü–∏—Ñ—Ä. –î–µ–ª–æ –≤ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ –≤ –ø—Ä–∏–Ω—Ü–∏–ø–µ –±–µ–∑ –ø–æ—á–≤—ã –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –ª—é–±–æ–µ —Ä–∞—Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∏–µ, –±—ã–ª–∏ –±—ã –ø–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∏ –≤–ª–∞–≥–∞. –ì–ª–∞–≤–Ω–æ–µ, —Å—Ç–æ–∏—Ç –ª–∏, –∫–∞–∫ –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—Å—è, –æ–≤—á–∏–Ω–∫–∞ –≤—ã–¥–µ–ª–∫–∏… (–ì–∞–∑–µ—Ç–∞ “–ü—Ä–∞–≤–¥–∞”, 8 –∏—é–Ω—è 1975).
“–û–¥–∏–Ω –≤ –ø–æ–ª–µ –Ω–µ –≤–æ–∏–Ω“
–°–º—ã—Å–ª: –≤ –æ–¥–∏–Ω–æ—á–∫—É, –æ–¥–Ω–æ–º—É —á–µ–ª–æ–≤–µ–∫—É —Ç—Ä—É–¥–Ω–æ —á–µ–≥–æ-–ª–∏–±–æ –¥–æ–±–∏—Ç—å—Å—è, —Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å—Å—è —Å –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–æ–π. –ì–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ –æ–ø—Ä–∞–≤–¥–∞–Ω–∏–µ —á—å–µ–≥–æ-–ª–∏–±–æ –±–µ—Å—Å–∏–ª–∏—è, –Ω–µ–≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å—Å—è —Å –±–æ–ª—å—à–∏–º –¥–µ–ª–æ–º –∏–ª–∏ –∫–∞–∫ —É–ø—Ä—ë–∫ –≤ –Ω–µ—É–º–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –≤ –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–µ, —Å–æ–æ–±—â–∞.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä—ã –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
1) ‚Äî –ß—Ç–æ –∂–µ —è –º–æ–≥—É –¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å? ‚Äî —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞–ª —è –µ–π. ‚Äî –û–¥–∏–Ω –≤ –ø–æ–ª–µ –Ω–µ –≤–æ–∏–Ω, –∞ —è –µ—â—ë –Ω–∏–∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–µ –∏—Å–ø—ã—Ç—ã–≤–∞–ª —Ç–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ –æ–¥–∏–Ω–æ—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞, –∫–∞–∫ —Ç–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å (–ê. –ß–µ—Ö–æ–≤, “–ñ–µ–Ω–∞”);
2) –≠—Ç–æ, –∫—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–∏ –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä—è, –≤–∞—à–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–∞—è –∂–∏–∑–Ω–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞. –í—ã –æ–¥–∏–Ω–æ—á–∫–∞. –ê –æ–¥–∏–Ω –≤ –ø–æ–ª–µ –Ω–µ –≤–æ–∏–Ω (–í. –ö–æ—á–µ—Ç–æ–≤, “–ë—Ä–∞—Ç—å—è –ï—Ä—à–æ–≤—ã”);
3) –ú–æ—Å–∫–æ–≤—Å–∫–∞—è –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–∞ –≤–æ –≥–ª–∞–≤–µ —Å –õ—å–≤–æ–º –Ø—à–∏–Ω—ã–º —É–±–µ—Ä–µ–≥–ª–∞ —Å–≤–æ–∏ –≤–æ—Ä–æ—Ç–∞. –ß—Ç–æ –∂–µ –∫–∞—Å–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≥–æ—Å—Ç–µ–π, —É –Ω–∏—Ö –≤ –Ω–∞–ø–∞–¥–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –ø–æ-–Ω–∞—Å—Ç–æ—è—â–µ–º—É –±—ã–ª –æ–ø–∞—Å–µ–Ω –ª–∏—à—å, –ø–æ–ª—É–∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–Ω–∏–∫ –í–∞–ª–µ—Ä–∏–π –ú–∞—Å–ª–æ–≤. –ù–æ –ø–æ—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏—Ü–∞ “–û–¥–∏–Ω –≤ –ø–æ–ª–µ –Ω–µ –≤–æ–∏–Ω” –≤ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –ø–æ–¥—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–¥–∏–ª–∞—Å—å –µ—â—ë —Ä–∞–∑. –ò–≥—Ä–∞ –∑–∞–∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–ª–∞—Å—å –±–µ–∑—Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç–Ω–æ ‚Äî 0:0 (–ì–∞–∑–µ—Ç–∞ “–ö–æ–º—Å–æ–º–æ–ª—å—Å–∫–∞—è –ø—Ä–∞–≤–¥–∞”, 5 –Ω–æ—è–±—Ä—è 1965).
“–û–¥–∏–Ω –∑–∞ –≤—Å–µ—Ö, –≤—Å–µ –∑–∞ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏–ª–∏ –í—Å–µ –∑–∞ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ, –æ–¥–∏–Ω –∑–∞ –≤—Å–µ—Ö“
–°–º—ã—Å–ª: –∫–∞–∂–¥—ã–π –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–≥–æ, –≤—Å–µ –ø–æ–º–æ–≥–∞—é—Ç –¥—Ä—É–≥ –¥—Ä—É–≥—É. –ì–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—Å—è –æ —á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–µ –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∏–∑–º–∞, –æ –≤–∑–∞–∏–º–Ω–æ–π –ø–æ–º–æ—â–∏, –≤–∑–∞–∏–º–æ–≤—ã—Ä—É—á–∫–µ.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä—ã –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
1) ‚Äî –Ø —Ö–æ—á—É, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –∫–∞–∂–¥—ã–π —á–µ–ª–æ–≤–µ–∫ –µ—â—ë –≤ —à–∫–æ–ª–µ –ø–æ—á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª —Å–≤—è—Ç–æ–π –∑–∞–∫–æ–Ω –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∏–∑–º–∞: –æ–¥–∏–Ω –∑–∞ –≤—Å–µ—Ö, –≤—Å–µ –∑–∞ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ (–í. –¢–µ–Ω–¥—Ä—è–∫–æ–≤, “–ó–∞ –±–µ–≥—É—â–∏–º –¥–Ω—ë–º”);
2) –û–¥–Ω–∞–∂–¥—ã —Ü–µ–ª—ã–π –º–µ—Å—è—Ü –±—Ä–∏–≥–∞–¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–ª–∞ –≤ –Ω–µ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–æ–º —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–µ ‚Äî –∑–∞—Ö–≤–æ—Ä–∞–ª–∏ –¥–≤–∞ —Ç–æ–∫–∞—Ä—è –∏ —Å–ª–µ—Å–∞—Ä—å. –¢–µ–º –Ω–µ –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ –ø–ª–∞–Ω –±—ã–ª –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω –≤ —Å—Ä–æ–∫. –í—Å–ø–æ–º–∏–Ω–∞—è –æ–± —ç—Ç–æ–º –Ω–µ–ª—ë–≥–∫–æ–º –∏—Å–ø—ã—Ç–∞–Ω–∏–∏, –º–∞—Å—Ç–µ—Ä —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–∫–∞ –°–µ—Ä–≥–µ–π –ù–∏–∫–æ–ª–∞–µ–≤–∏—á –ö—Ä–∞—Å–Ω—ã—Ö –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç: ‚Äî –£ –∑–∞—Ö–∞—Ä–æ–≤—Ü–µ–≤ –µ—Å—Ç—å —á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ –ª–æ–∫—Ç—è. –û–Ω–∏ –∫–∞–∫ –æ–¥–Ω–∞ —Å–µ–º—å—è. –í—Å–µ –∑–∞ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ, –æ–¥–∏–Ω –∑–∞ –≤—Å–µ—Ö. –í —ç—Ç–æ–π –±—Ä–∏–≥–∞–¥–µ –ª–∏—á–Ω–æ–µ –∏ –æ–±—â–µ–µ –Ω–µ—Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∏–º—ã. –ö–∞–∂–¥—ã–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç, –≤–∫–ª–∞–¥—ã–≤–∞—è –≤ –¥–µ–ª–æ —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏—Ü—É —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –¥—É—à–∏ –∏ —Å–µ—Ä–¥—Ü–∞ (–ò. –û—Å–∏–ø–æ–≤, “–°–Ω–æ–≤–∞ –Ω–∞ –î–∏–Ω–∞–º–æ”);
3) ‚Äî –í–æ—Ç –Ω–∞ —Ñ—Ä–æ–Ω—Ç–µ –∫—Ä–µ–ø–∫–æ –ª—é–¥–∏ –¥—Ä—É–∂–∞—Ç. –í—Å–µ –∑–∞ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ, –æ–¥–∏–Ω –∑–∞ –≤—Å–µ—Ö. –ñ–∏–∑–Ω–∏ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –∑–∞ —Ç–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏—â–µ–π –Ω–µ –∂–∞–ª–µ—é—Ç (–í. –ü–æ–ø–æ–≤, “–ó–∞–∫–∏–ø–µ–ª–∞ —Å—Ç–∞–ª—å”).
–ü–æ—Ö–æ–∂–∏–µ —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ü—ã:
1. –û—Ç –¥–æ–±—Ä–∞ –¥–æ–±—Ä–∞ –Ω–µ –∏—â—É—Ç
2. –Ø–∑—ã–∫ –¥–æ –ö–∏–µ–≤–∞ –¥–æ–≤–µ–¥–µ—Ç
3. –ß—Ç–æ –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–æ –ø–µ—Ä–æ–º, —Ç–æ–≥–æ –Ω–µ –≤—ã—Ä—É–±–∏—à—å —Ç–æ–ø–æ—Ä–æ–º
4. –ß–∞—Å –æ—Ç —á–∞—Å—É –Ω–µ –ª–µ–≥—á–µ
5. –°—è–¥–µ–º —Ä—è–¥–∫–æ–º –¥–∞ –ø–æ–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏–º –ª–∞–¥–∫–æ–º