–û—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–µ —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±—ã –ø–æ–¥–ª–µ–¥–Ω–æ–π –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏

–ò–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–µ —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±—ã –ø–æ–¥–ª–µ–¥–Ω–æ–π –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ —Ä—ã–±—ã:

- –ª–æ–≤–ª—è –Ω–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É;

- –ª–æ–≤–ª—è –Ω–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É —Å –Ω–∞—Å–∞–¥–∫–æ–π;

- –ª–æ–≤–ª—è –Ω–∞ –º–æ—Ä–º—ã—à–∫—É —Å –º–æ—Ç—ã–ª–µ–º –∏ –±–µ–∑ –º–æ—Ç—ã–ª—è;

- –ª–æ–≤–ª—è –Ω–∞ –º–æ—Ç—ã–ª—è –∏–ª–∏ –º–∞–ª—å–∫–∞ —Å –ø–æ–ø–ª–∞–≤–∫–æ–º;

- –ª–æ–≤–ª—è –Ω–∞ –∂–∏–≤—Ü–∞.

–î–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø—Ä–∏–µ–º—ã –ø–æ–¥–ª–µ–¥–Ω–æ–π –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –≤ –ø—Ä–∏–º–∞–Ω–∫–µ —Ä—ã–±—ã –ø—Ä–∏ –ø–æ–º–æ—â–∏ –±–ª–µ—Å—Ç—è—â–µ–π –±–ª–µ—Å–µ–Ω–∫–∏, –≤–æ–∑–±—É–∂–¥–∞—é—â–µ–π —Ö–∏—â–Ω–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–π –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∏–Ω–∫—Ç —Ä—ã–±—ã. –†—ã–±–∞ —Å—Ç—Ä–µ–º–∏—Ç—Å—è –ø–æ–π–º–∞—Ç—å –∏ —Å—ä–µ—Å—Ç—å –∏–≥—Ä–∞—é—â—É—é –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥ –µ–µ –≥–ª–∞–∑–∞–º–∏ –±–ª–µ—Å–µ–Ω–∫—É, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è —Ç–æ –ø–æ–¥–ø—Ä—ã–≥–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç, —Ç–æ –±—Ä–æ—Å–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω—É, —Ç–æ –ø–∞–¥–∞–µ—Ç –ø–æ—á—Ç–∏ –Ω–∞ —Å–∞–º–æ–µ –¥–Ω–æ –∏–ª–∏ —Å–∫—Ä—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω—É –ø—Ä–∏ –ø—Ä–∏–±–ª–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏–∏ —Ö–∏—â–Ω–∏–∫–∞. –°—É—Ç—å –≤—Å–µ—Ö –ø—Ä–∏–µ–º–æ–≤ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –≤–∏–¥–∞ –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –±–µ—Å–ø—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–º –∏ —Ä–∞–∑–Ω–æ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–Ω–æ–º –¥–≤–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã. –û—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–∞–≤–ª–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É –∏ –¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—Ç—å –µ–µ –≤ –ø–æ–∫–æ–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –≤ —Ç–µ—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–∏—Ö —Å–µ–∫—É–Ω–¥. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –æ—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å –∏–≥—Ä—É –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã –Ω–∞ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ–µ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è, —Ç–æ —Å–º—ã—Å–ª —ç—Ç–æ–π –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–ø–∞–¥–∞–µ—Ç: —Ö–∏—â–Ω–∏–∫ —É—Å–ø–µ–≤–∞–µ—Ç —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–µ—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∏–≤–ª–µ–∫–∞–≤—à–∏–π –µ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–º–µ—Ç –∏ –æ—Ç—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –æ—Ç —Å–ø–æ–∫–æ–π–Ω–æ –≤–∏—Å—è—â–µ–π –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã, –∫–∞–∫ –±—ã —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–æ –æ–Ω–∞ –Ω–∏ –±—ã–ª–∞ —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∞.

–ù–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ (–¥–∞–∂–µ –æ—á–µ–Ω—å —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏–µ) —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—ã —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞—é—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –∏–≥—Ä–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω–∞ –Ω–∞–ø–æ–º–∏–Ω–∞—Ç—å –¥–≤–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –º–∞–ª—å–∫–∞. –° —ç—Ç–∏–º –º–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º –Ω–∏–∫–∞–∫ –Ω–µ–ª—å–∑—è —Å–æ–≥–ª–∞—Å–∏—Ç—å—Å—è. –ú–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø—É—Ç–µ–º –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ–≥–æ –Ω–∞–±–ª—é–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è —É–±–µ–¥–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –≤ –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ —Å—É–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ù–µ–æ–¥–Ω–æ–∫—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω–æ —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—ã –Ω–∞–±–ª—é–¥–∞—é—Ç, –∫–∞–∫ –≤ —Ä–∞–π–æ–Ω–µ –ª—É–Ω–æ–∫ –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞–µ—Ç –º–Ω–æ–∂–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –º–∞–ª—å–∫–æ–≤; –¥–≤–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏—Ö –∫—Ä–∞–π–Ω–µ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã –∏ –º–µ–¥–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã. –ö–∞–∂–µ—Ç—Å—è, —á—Ç–æ –æ–∫—É–Ω—å —Å—ã—Ç: –ø–æ–π–º–∞—Ç—å –º–∞–ª—å–∫–∞ –µ–º—É –±—ã–ª–æ –±—ã –Ω–µ—Ç—Ä—É–¥–Ω–æ, –∏ –Ω–µ—Ç –Ω–∏–∫–∞–∫–∏—Ö –≤–∏–¥–∏–º—ã—Ö –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω –±—Ä–æ—Å–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –Ω–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É. –û–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ –æ–∫—É–Ω—å –Ω–µ —Ç—Ä–æ–≥–∞–µ—Ç –º–∞–ª—å–∫–∞, –∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É —Ö–≤–∞—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –∂–∞–¥–Ω–æ. –ò–∑ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ —Å–æ—á–µ—Ç–∞–Ω–∏–µ –¥–≤–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π –∏ –∏–≥—Ä—ã –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã —Å –µ–µ –±–ª–µ—Å–∫–æ–º —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ä–µ—à–∞—é—â–∏–º. –ò–≥—Ä–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã –Ω–∞—Å—Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –≤–æ–∑–±—É–∂–¥–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–µ—Ä–≤–Ω—É—é —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—É —Ö–∏—â–Ω–æ–π —Ä—ã–±—ã, —á—Ç–æ, –Ω–µ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä—è –Ω–∞ –Ω–∞–ª–∏—á–∏–µ –ø–æ–¥ –ª—É–Ω–∫–æ–π –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –∂–∏–≤—ã—Ö –º–∞–ª—å–∫–æ–≤, –æ–∫—É–Ω—å —Å –∂–∞–¥–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é —Ö–≤–∞—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–µ –º–∞–ª—å–∫–∞, –∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É.

–ù–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –ø–ª–æ—Ö–æ–π —É–ª–æ–≤ –æ–±—ä—è—Å–Ω—è—é—Ç —Ç–µ–º, —á—Ç–æ –æ–∫—É–Ω—å —Å—ã—Ç –∏ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É –Ω–µ–æ—Ö–æ—Ç–Ω–æ –Ω–∞–ø–∞–¥–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É. –¢–∞–∫–æ–µ –º–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–µ–ª—å–∑—è —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—è—Ç—å –ø–æ–ª–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –∑–∞—á–∞—Å—Ç—É—é –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –Ω–∞–±–ª—é–¥–∞—Ç—å, –∫–∞–∫ –ø–æ–π–º–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–π –æ–∫—É–Ω—å –∏–∑—Ä—ã–≥–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –∑–∞–≥–ª–æ—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏–º –º–∞–ª—å–∫–æ–≤. –ó–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç, –æ–Ω –±—ã–ª —Å—ã—Ç, –Ω–æ –≤—Å–µ –∂–µ –±—Ä–æ—Å–∏–ª—Å—è –Ω–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É –∏ –ø–æ–ø–∞–ª—Å—è. –ë–æ–ª–µ–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ –±—ã–ª–æ –±—ã –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç—å —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã–π –∏ –Ω–µ—Ä–æ–≤–Ω—ã–π —Ö–∞—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–µ—Ä –∫–ª–µ–≤–∞ –∫ –Ω–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–æ–º—É —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏—é —Ä—ã–±—ã. –û—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω–Ω–æ —ç—Ç–æ –º–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø–æ–¥—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–∏ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–æ—à–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –ø–æ–π–º–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–π —Ä—ã–±—ã. –í –∂–µ–ª—É–¥–∫–∞—Ö –æ–∫—É–Ω–µ–π –∏ —â—É–∫, –ø–æ–π–º–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã, –Ω–µ–æ–¥–Ω–æ–∫—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω–æ –æ–±–Ω–∞—Ä—É–∂–∏–≤–∞–ª–æ—Å—å –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–µ –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–µ —Ä—ã–±, —á—Ç–æ, –±–µ–∑—É—Å–ª–æ–≤–Ω–æ, —É–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–∞ —Å—ã—Ç–æ—Å—Ç—å —Ö–∏—â–Ω–∏–∫–∞. –° –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–π —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω—ã, —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–∏ –æ—á–µ–Ω—å —Å–ª–∞–±–æ–º –∫–ª–µ–≤–µ –∂–µ–ª—É–¥–∫–∏ —Ä—ã–± –æ–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–ª–∏—Å—å –ø—É—Å—Ç—ã–º–∏. –ù–µ—Ç –Ω–∏–∫–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ —Å–æ–º–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ —Å—ã—Ç–æ—Å—Ç—å —Ä—ã–±—ã –∏–≥—Ä–∞–µ—Ç –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –≤—Ç–æ—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–µ–ø–µ–Ω–Ω—É—é —Ä–æ–ª—å, –∞ –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ, –¥–∞–∂–µ –Ω–µ –∏–≥—Ä–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–∏–∫–∞–∫–æ–π —Ä–æ–ª–∏.

–ù—É–∂–Ω–æ —É–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∏ —ç—Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ —Å–∞–º–∫–∏ –æ–∫—É–Ω–µ–π –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –∂–∞–¥–Ω—ã, —á–µ–º —Å–∞–º—Ü—ã, –≤ –æ—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –≤ –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∏–∫—Ä—ã. –≠—Ç–æ —è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –æ—á–µ–Ω—å –ª–µ–≥–∫–æ –ø–æ–¥–º–µ—Ç–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞ –ª—é–±–æ–º —É–ª–æ–≤–µ. –ò–∫—Ä—è–Ω–æ–∫ –ø—Ä–∏ —É–∂–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –Ω–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã–ª–∞–≤–ª–∏–≤–∞—é—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ, —á–µ–º –º–æ–ª–æ—á–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤, –∞ –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω—ã–º–∏ —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä–∞–º–∏ –ø–æ—á—Ç–∏ –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ –±—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç —Å–∞–º–∫–∏. –ù—É–∂–Ω–æ —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞—Ç—å –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–º –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–∫ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã, –≥–¥–µ –ø—Ä–∏–ø–∞—è–Ω –∫—Ä—é—á–æ–∫, –Ω–∞–≤—è–∑—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å —á—Ç–æ-–Ω–∏–±—É–¥—å –∫—Ä–∞—Å–Ω–æ–µ: –Ω–∏—Ç–æ—á–∫—É, –ø–µ—Ä—ã—à–∫–æ, —à–µ—Ä—Å—Ç–∏–Ω–∫—É –∏ —Ç.–ø. –†—è–¥ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –æ–ø—ã—Ç–æ–≤ –∏ –Ω–∞–±–ª—é–¥–µ–Ω–∏–π –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑–∞–ª –∏—Å–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∫—Ä–∞—Å–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–∫–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã. –í–º–µ—Å—Ç–µ —Å —Ç–µ–º –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –∑–∞–º–µ—Ç–∏—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ —É –º–∞–ª—å–∫–æ–≤ –Ω–∏—á–µ–≥–æ –∫—Ä–∞—Å–Ω–æ–≥–æ –Ω–µ—Ç, –∏ –≤ —ç—Ç–æ–º –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—à–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –∏–º–∏—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è –Ω–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –Ω–∏–∫–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ —Å–º—ã—Å–ª–∞. –ù–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–∏ –¥–æ–ª–≥–æ–ª–µ—Ç–Ω–µ–≥–æ –æ–ø—ã—Ç–∞ –∏–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–æ, —á—Ç–æ –≤–æ –º–Ω–æ–≥–∏—Ö —Å–ª—É—á–∞—è—Ö –∫—Ä–∞—Å–Ω—ã–π —Ü–≤–µ—Ç —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –ª—É—á—à–∏–º —É–ª–æ–≤–∞–º, –ø–æ–±—É–∂–¥–∞—è —Ä—ã–±—É –∫ –∞–∫—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–æ–π —Ö–≤–∞—Ç–∫–µ.

–£—Å–ø–µ—Ö –ø–æ–¥–ª–µ–¥–Ω–æ–π –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –∑–∞–≤–∏—Å–∏—Ç –Ω–µ –æ—Ç —Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–ø–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –ø—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–¥—ã, –∞ –æ—Ç —É–º–µ–Ω–∏—è –æ—Ç—ã—Å–∫–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∫–∏ —Ä—ã–±—ã –∏ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–æ –º–∞–Ω–µ–≤—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω–æ–π, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –æ–Ω–∞ –≤ –Ω–∞–∏–±–æ–ª—å—à–µ–π —Å—Ç–µ–ø–µ–Ω–∏ —Ä–∞–∑–¥—Ä–∞–∂–∞–ª–∞ —Ö–∏—â–Ω—É—é —Ä—ã–±—É. –ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∏—Ä—É—è –≤—Å–µ –æ–±—Å—Ç–æ—è—Ç–µ–ª—å—Å—Ç–≤–∞ —É—Å–ø–µ—à–Ω–æ–π —Ä—ã–±–Ω–æ–π –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏, —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥—ã –∏ –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –≤–µ—Ä–Ω—ã–µ —Ä–µ—à–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ù–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞—é—â–µ–º—É —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—É —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –≤–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–µ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–æ —É—Å–≤–æ–∏—Ç—å –∏ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å —Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–µ–Ω–¥—É–µ–º—ã–µ –ø—Ä–∏–µ–º—ã, –∞ –≤ –¥–∞–ª—å–Ω–µ–π—à–µ–º —É–∂–µ –≤—ã—Ä–∞–±–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å–≤–æ–∏, –Ω–æ–≤—ã–µ –ø—Ä–∏–µ–º—ã –∏ –Ω–æ–≤—ã–µ –¥–µ—Ç–∞–ª–∏ —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç–µ–π, –µ—â–µ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –≤–æ–∑–±—É–∂–¥–∞—é—â–∏–µ –∞–≥—Ä–µ—Å—Å–∏–≤–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å —Ä—ã–±—ã. –ù–∞–±–ª—é–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–æ, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–µ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —Ö–∞—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–µ—Ä –∏–≥—Ä—ã –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã –≤–ª–∏—è–µ—Ç –Ω–∞ —É—Å–ø–µ—Ö –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏, –Ω–æ –∏ —Ü–≤–µ—Ç –µ–µ –ø–æ–¥—á–∞—Å —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ä–µ—à–∞—é—â–∏–º —Ñ–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º. –ù–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–∏ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö –Ω–∞–±–ª—é–¥–µ–Ω–∏–π –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã –∏–∑–≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è —Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã—Ö —Ü–≤–µ—Ç–æ–≤.

–ù–∏–∫–µ–ª–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ, –ª—É–∂–µ–Ω—ã–µ –∏–ª–∏ —Å–µ—Ä–µ–±—Ä–∏—Å—Ç—ã–µ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –Ω–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç —Å–≤–µ—Ç–ª—ã–º–∏, –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã –∏–∑ –ª–∞—Ç—É–Ω–∏ – –∂–µ–ª—Ç—ã–º–∏ –∏–ª–∏ –∑–æ–ª–æ—Ç–∏—Å—Ç—ã–º–∏, –∏–∑ –∫—Ä–∞—Å–Ω–æ–π –º–µ–¥–∏ – –∫—Ä–∞—Å–Ω—ã–º–∏, —Å–≤–∏–Ω—Ü–æ–≤—ã–µ – —Ç–µ–º–Ω—ã–º–∏. –í —Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã–µ —á–∞—Å—ã –¥–Ω—è —Ä—ã–±–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ—á–∏—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –±—Ä–∞—Ç—å –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –±–ª–µ—Å—Ç—è—â–∏–µ –∏–ª–∏ –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ –±–ª–µ—Å—Ç—è—â–∏–µ. –¢–∞–∫, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, —É—Ç—Ä–æ–º, –¥–æ –≤–æ—Å—Ö–æ–¥–∞ —Å–æ–ª–Ω—Ü–∞, —Ä—ã–±–∞ –ª—É—á—à–µ –ª–æ–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ —Å–≤–µ—Ç–ª—ã–µ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã —Å —è—Ä–∫–∏–º –±–ª–µ—Å–∫–æ–º; –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —Å–æ–ª–Ω—Ü–µ –≤–∑–æ—à–ª–æ – –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞–µ—Ç –ª—É—á—à–µ –ª–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –Ω–∞ “–∑–æ–ª–æ—Ç—ã–µ” –∏–ª–∏ –∫—Ä–∞—Å–Ω—ã–µ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã; —Å—Ä–µ–¥–∏ –¥–Ω—è – –Ω–∞ —Ç–µ–º–Ω—ã–µ; –∫ –≤–µ—á–µ—Ä—É —Ç—Ä–µ–±—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ–±—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω—ã–π –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥ – –∫ —Å–≤–µ—Ç–ª—ã–º –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω–∞–º. –ö–æ–Ω–µ—á–Ω–æ, —ç—Ç–æ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—è —Å—Ö–µ–º–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –∑–∞–≤–∏—Å–∏—Ç –æ—Ç –æ—á–µ–Ω—å –º–Ω–æ–≥–∏—Ö –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω, –∫–∞–∫-—Ç–æ: –æ–±–ª–∞—á–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å, –≤–µ—Ç–µ—Ä, —Ç–æ–ª—â–∏–Ω–∞ –ª—å–¥–∞, —Ç–æ–ª—â–∏–Ω–∞ —Å–Ω–µ–∂–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ø–æ–∫—Ä–æ–≤–∞ –∏ –ø—Ä–æ–Ω–∏–∫–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Å–≤–µ—Ç–∞ –ø–æ–¥ –≤–æ–¥—É, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∞—Ç–º–æ—Å—Ñ–µ—Ä–Ω–æ–≥–æ –¥–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è.

–ì–ª—É–±–∏–Ω–∞ –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –∏–≥—Ä–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—É—é —Ä–æ–ª—å: –Ω–∞ –≥–ª—É–±–∏–Ω–µ —Å–≤—ã—à–µ 3-4 –º —Ä—ã–±–∞ –ª–æ–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è –ª—É—á—à–µ –Ω–∞ —è—Ä–∫–∏–µ, —Å–≤–µ—Ç–ª—ã–µ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã. –ü–æ–¥–º–µ—Ç–∏–≤ —ç—Ç–æ —è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ, –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—ã –∏–∑–≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–ª—è—é—Ç –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã –∏–∑ –º–µ—Ç–∞–ª–ª–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏—Ö –ø–ª–∞—Å—Ç–∏–Ω–æ–∫ —Ä–∞–∑–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ü–≤–µ—Ç–∞, —Å–ø–∞—è–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–µ, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä: –æ–¥–Ω–∞ —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω–∞ —Å–µ—Ä–µ–±—Ä–∏—Å—Ç–∞—è, –¥—Ä—É–≥–∞—è –∫—Ä–∞—Å–Ω–∞—è, –∏–ª–∏ “–∑–æ–ª–æ—Ç–∞—è” –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω–∞ —Å –æ–∫—Å–∏–¥–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –ø–æ–ø–µ—Ä–µ—á–Ω—ã–º–∏ —á–µ—Ä–Ω—ã–º–∏ –ø–æ–ª–æ—Å–∞–º–∏. –í–æ–æ–±—â–µ –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –∏–∑–æ—â—Ä—è—Ç—å—Å—è –≤ –∏–∑–≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –±–ª–µ—Å–µ–Ω, –∏ –≤—Å–µ –∂–µ –µ—â–µ –Ω–µ—Ç –µ–¥–∏–Ω–æ–≥–æ –º–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –Ω–∞–∏–ª—É—á—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–∞—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã. –ë–ª–∞–≥–æ–¥–∞—Ä—è —ç—Ç–æ–º—É –∏–º–µ—é—â–∏–π—Å—è –∞—Å—Å–æ—Ä—Ç–∏–º–µ–Ω—Ç –±–ª–µ—Å–µ–Ω –µ–∂–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω–æ –ø–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–æ–≤—ã–º–∏ –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑—Ü–∞–º–∏, –ø—Ä–∏—á–µ–º –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∏—Ö –∏–Ω–æ–≥–¥–∞ —Å–æ–≤–µ—Ä—à–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –Ω–µ —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—Ç —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–µ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã.

–ü–æ–¥–∞–≤–ª—è—é—â–µ–µ –±–æ–ª—å—à–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ –±–ª–µ—Å–µ–Ω –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –Ω–∏–∂–Ω—é—é —É—Ç–æ–ª—â–µ–Ω–Ω—É—é —á–∞—Å—Ç—å, –∫ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–π –ø—Ä–∏–ø–∞—è–Ω –∫—Ä—é—á–æ–∫, –∞ —Å –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–π —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∞ –¥—ã—Ä–æ—á–∫–∞ –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–≤–æ–¥–∫–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –∫–æ–ª–µ—á–∫–∞. –í –≤–æ–¥–µ —Ç–∞–∫–∞—è –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω–∞ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤–∏—Å–µ—Ç—å –≥–æ–ª–æ–≤–∫–æ–π (–∫—Ä—é—á–∫–æ–º) –≤–Ω–∏–∑. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –ø–æ—Ç—è–Ω—É—Ç—å –µ–µ –∫ –≤–µ—Ä—Ö—É, —Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∞, –ø–æ–¥–Ω–∏–º–∞—è—Å—å, —É–∫–ª–æ–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω—É –≤—ã–ø—É–∫–ª–æ—Å—Ç–∏. –ß–µ–º –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–µ–µ –µ–µ —Ç—è–Ω—É—Ç—å, —Ç–µ–º –¥–∞–ª—å—à–µ –æ–Ω–∞ –æ—Ç–æ–π–¥–µ—Ç –æ—Ç –æ—Ç–≤–µ—Å–Ω–æ–π –ª–∏–Ω–∏–∏. –ü—Ä–∏ –æ–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–Ω–∏–∏ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω–∞ –ø–æ–π–¥–µ—Ç –∫—Ä—é—á–∫–æ–º –≤–ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥ –∏ —Ç–æ–∂–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –æ–ø–∏—Å—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å –∫—Ä–∏–≤—É—é, –Ω–æ –¥—Ä—É–≥—É—é, –∏, –∫–æ–ª–µ–±–ª—è—Å—å, –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –≤ –æ—Ç–≤–µ—Å–Ω–æ–µ –ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ. –ë–ª–∞–≥–æ–¥–∞—Ä—è —Ç–∞–∫–æ–π “–∏–≥—Ä–µ” —Ä—ã–±–∞ –Ω–µ–ø–ª–æ—Ö–æ –ª–æ–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –ø–æ–¥–æ–±–Ω—ã–µ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã. –í—ã–±–∏—Ä–∞—è —Ç–æ—Ç –∏–ª–∏ –∏–Ω–æ–π —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏, –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞—Ç—å—Å—è —Å –≤—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–µ–º –≥–æ–¥–∞, –ø–æ–≥–æ–¥–æ–π –∏ –æ—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—è–º–∏ –≤–æ–¥–æ–µ–º–∞. –ë–µ–∑ —É—á–µ—Ç–∞ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã—Ö –æ–±—Å—Ç–æ—è—Ç–µ–ª—å—Å—Ç–≤ —Å—É–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ –æ –Ω–∞–∏–ª—É—á—à–µ–º —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–µ –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –æ—à–∏–±–æ—á–Ω—ã–º. –û—Ç–≤–ª–µ—á–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –º–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –Ω–µ –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω–æ –±—ã—Ç—å, –∏–Ω–∞—á–µ –æ—á–µ–Ω—å –ª–µ–≥–∫–æ –≤–ø–∞—Å—Ç—å –≤ –æ—à–∏–±–∫—É –∏ –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–æ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–µ–≥–æ —É–ª–æ–≤–∞ –æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –±–µ–∑ —Ä—ã–±—ã –∏ –Ω–µ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∏–∫–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ —É–¥–æ–≤–æ–ª—å—Å—Ç–≤–∏—è.

–î–ª—è –ø–æ–¥–ª–µ–¥–Ω–æ–π –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω—è—é—Ç—Å—è —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ —Å–ª—É–∂–∞—Ç –¥–ª—è –º–∞–Ω–µ–≤—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω–æ–π, –ø–∞—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è —Ä–µ–∑–∫–∏—Ö —Ä—ã–≤–∫–æ–≤ —Ä—ã–±—ã –∏ –Ω–∞–º–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∑–∞–ø–∞—Å–∞ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏. –ö –∑–∏–º–Ω–µ–º—É —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫—É –ø—Ä–µ–¥—ä—è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–µ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–µ —Ç—Ä–µ–±–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è: –æ–Ω –¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω –±—ã—Ç—å —É–ø—Ä—É–≥–∏–º, –ø—Ä–æ—á–Ω—ã–º, –ª–µ–≥–∫–∏–º –∏ –ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∞—Ç–∏–≤–Ω—ã–º, —É–¥–æ–±–Ω—ã–º –¥–ª—è —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã –≤ —Ä—É–∫–∞–≤–∏—Ü–∞—Ö –∏ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–æ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–º –¥–ª—è —Å–º–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∏ –Ω–∞–º–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∑–∞–ø–∞—Å–∞ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏. –£–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∏ –¥–µ–ª–∞—é—Ç—Å—è —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω–æ–π –¥–ª–∏–Ω—ã –∏ —Å–∞–º—ã—Ö —Ä–∞–∑–Ω–æ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã—Ö –∫–æ–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–π. –ù–∞–∏–±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∏ –∏–º–µ—é—Ç –¥–ª–∏–Ω—É 25-40 —Å–º, –∏–∑ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –æ–∫–æ–ª–æ 10 —Å–º –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ —Ä—É—á–∫—É. –ü—Ä–∏ –≤—ã–±–æ—Ä–µ –º–∞—Ç–µ—Ä–∏–∞–ª–∞ –¥–ª—è —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–∂–¥–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ —Ä–µ—à–∏—Ç—å, –¥–ª—è –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –∫–∞–∫–æ–π —Ä—ã–±—ã –∏ –∫–∞–∫–∏–º —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–æ–º –æ–Ω –ø–æ–¥–≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è. –ú–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–∏–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–∞: –ø—Ä–æ—á–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω–∞ –±—ã—Ç—å –≤ –ø–æ–ª—Ç–æ—Ä–∞ – –¥–≤–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–∞ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ, —á–µ–º –ø—Ä–æ—á–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏.

–ï—Å–ª–∏ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞ –≤—ã–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç, –ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, 0,5 –∫–≥ “–º–µ—Ä—Ç–≤–æ–≥–æ” –≥—Ä—É–∑–∞, —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫ –¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω –≤—ã–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å –±–µ–∑ —Ç—Ä–µ—â–∏–Ω –∏ –ø–æ–ª–æ–º–æ–∫ 0,75-1,0 –∫–≥. –ü—Ä–∏ —ç—Ç–æ–º –æ–Ω –¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω –∏–∑–≥–∏–±–∞—Ç—å—Å—è —Ä–∞–≤–Ω–æ–º–µ—Ä–Ω–æ –ø–æ –≤—Å–µ–π –¥–ª–∏–Ω–µ —Å –æ—Ç–∫–ª–æ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º –∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–∫–∞ –Ω–∞ 30-40¬∞. –ü—Ä–æ—á–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –≤ 3 –∫–≥ –≤–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ –¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—á–Ω–∞, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –≤—ã—Ç–∞—â–∏—Ç—å —â—É–∫—É –≤–µ—Å–æ–º 4 –∫–≥ –∏ –¥–∞–∂–µ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ; –Ω–æ, –∫–æ–Ω–µ—á–Ω–æ, –≤—ã—Ç–∞—Å–∫–∏–≤–∞—è –±–æ–ª—å—à—É—é —Ä—ã–±—É, –Ω–µ–ª—å–∑—è –ø–æ–ª–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é –Ω–∞–≥—Ä—É–∂–∞—Ç—å —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫, –∞ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ —Ç–∞–∫ –º–∞–Ω–µ–≤—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –∏–º, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –Ω–∞—Ç—è–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ –±—ã–ª–æ —Ä–∞–≤–Ω–æ–º–µ—Ä–Ω—ã–º. –†—ã–±–∞, –ø–æ–ø–∞–≤—à–∞—è—Å—è –Ω–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É, –Ω–∞—Ç—è–≥–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç –ª–µ—Å–∫—É —Å —Å–∏–ª–æ–π, –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ–π —Å–≤–æ–µ–≥–æ –≤–µ—Å–∞, –∏ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –≤ –º–æ–º–µ–Ω—Ç —Ä—ã–≤–∫–∞ –æ–Ω–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –Ω–∞—Ç—è–Ω—É—Ç—å –ª–µ—Å–∫—É —Å —Å–∏–ª–æ–π, –±–ª–∏–∑–∫–æ–π –∫ —Å–≤–æ–µ–º—É –≤–µ—Å—É –∏ –¥–∞–∂–µ –ø—Ä–µ–≤—ã—à–∞—é—â–µ–π –µ–≥–æ; –≤ —Ç–∞–∫–∏–µ –º–æ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –æ–ø—É—Å–∫–∞—Ç—å –ª–µ—Å–∫—É, –ø–∞—Ä–∏—Ä—É—è –±—Ä–æ—Å–∫–∏ —Ä—ã–±—ã.

–ù–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –∑–∞–±—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –ø–æ–≥–æ–Ω—è –∑–∞ –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ—á–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –ø–æ—á—Ç–∏ –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç –∫ —É—â–µ—Ä–±—É –≤ –µ–≥–æ –≥–∏–±–∫–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –∏–ª–∏ —É–ø—Ä—É–≥–æ—Å—Ç–∏, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –ª–µ–≥–∫–æ—Å—Ç–∏. –ü—Ä–æ—á–Ω–æ–µ –∏ –Ω–µ–≥–∏–±–∫–æ–µ —É–¥–∏–ª–∏—â–µ —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å –æ—á–µ–Ω—å –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ, –Ω–æ —ç—Ç–æ –≤–ª–µ—á–µ—Ç –∑–∞ —Å–æ–±–æ–π –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–∏—è—Ç–Ω—ã–µ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–∏—è –¥–ª—è –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ –∏ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã. –ù—É–∂–Ω–æ –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ –∏–º–µ—Ç—å –≤ –≤–∏–¥—É, —á—Ç–æ –≤—Å—è–∫–∏–π —Ä—ã–≤–æ–∫ —Ä—ã–±—ã –∏–ª–∏ –≥—Ä—É–±–∞—è –ø–æ–¥—Å–µ—á–∫–∞ –ø–∞—Ä–∞–ª–∏–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–µ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ø—Ä–æ—á–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏, –Ω–æ –≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω—ã–º –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º —É–ø—Ä—É–≥–æ—Å—Ç—å—é —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞. –û–Ω, –∫–∞–∫ –ø—Ä—É–∂–∏–Ω–∞, –¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω –ø—Ä–∏–Ω—è—Ç—å –Ω–∞ —Å–µ–±—è –ª—é–±–æ–π –Ω–µ–æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–π —Ä–µ–∑–∫–∏–π —Ç–æ–ª—á–æ–∫ –∏ —ç—Ç–∏–º –æ–±–µ—Å–ø–µ—á–∏—Ç—å –Ω–æ—Ä–º–∞–ª—å–Ω—É—é —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ –∏ –≤–æ—Å–ø—Ä–µ–ø—è—Ç—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –ø–µ—Ä–µ–≥—Ä—É–∑–∫–µ –∫—Ä—é—á–∫–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã. –ü—Ä–∏ –∏–∑–≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–∏ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –¥–ª—è –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ —Å –Ω–æ—Ä–º–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–π –Ω–∞–≥—Ä—É–∑–∫–æ–π (–≤ 3 –∫–≥) –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –¥–æ–±–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ–π –≥–∏–±–∫–æ—Å—Ç–∏.

–ï—Å–ª–∏ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫ –Ω–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ —É–ø—Ä—É–≥–∏–π, —Ç–æ —Ä–µ–∑–∫–∏–π —Ä—ã–≤–æ–∫ —Ä—ã–±—ã –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤–æ—Å–ø—Ä–∏–Ω—è—Ç —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ª–µ—Å–∫–æ–π, –∞ –ø—Ä–∏ —Ä—ã–≤–∫–µ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞ —Ä–≤–µ—Ç—Å—è –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ —Å–∫–æ—Ä–µ–µ, —á–µ–º –ø—Ä–∏ –ø–ª–∞–≤–Ω–æ–π –Ω–∞–≥—Ä—É–∑–∫–µ, –ø—Ä–∏ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–π –æ–Ω–∞ –∏—Å–ø—ã—Ç–∞–Ω–∞. –ù—É–∂–Ω–æ –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ —É—á–∏—Ç—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ö–∞—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–µ—Ä —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –ø—Ä–∏ –≤—ã–≤–∞–∂–∏–≤–∞–Ω–∏–∏ –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω–æ–π —Ä—ã–±—ã. –•–∞—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–µ—Ä –Ω–∞–≥—Ä—É–∑–∫–∏ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –∑–∞–≤–∏—Å–µ—Ç—å –æ—Ç –ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –ø–æ–¥–Ω—è—Ç—å —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫ –∫–æ–Ω—Ü–æ–º –≤–≤–µ—Ä—Ö, —Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Ç—è–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–æ–∂–∏—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –¥–≤–µ —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—é—â–∏–µ —Å–∏–ª—ã: –æ–¥–Ω–∞ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∞ –≤–¥–æ–ª—å —Å—Ç–µ—Ä–∂–Ω—è —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞, –∞ –≤—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è (–ø–µ—Ä–ø–µ–Ω–¥–∏–∫—É–ª—è—Ä–Ω–∞—è –µ–π) –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å –µ–≥–æ –∏–∑–≥–∏–±. –ò–∑-–∑–∞ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç “—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∞—Ç—å” —Å–∞–º–∞—è —Å–ª–∞–±–∞—è —á–∞—Å—Ç—å —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ – –∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–∫: –æ–Ω –ª–µ–≥–∫–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –æ–±–ª–æ–º–∏—Ç—å—Å—è, –æ—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –ø–æ–ø–∞–ª–æ—Å—å –¥–µ—Ä–µ–≤–æ —Å –∫–æ—Å—ã–º–∏ —Å–ª–æ—è–º–∏. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –æ–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å –∫–æ–Ω–µ—Ü —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –≤–Ω–∏–∑, —Ç–æ —Å–∏–ª–∞ –Ω–∞—Ç—è–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∞–≥–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ç–æ–∂–µ –Ω–∞ –¥–≤–µ —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—é—â–∏–µ: –æ–¥–Ω—É – –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—É—é –≤–¥–æ–ª—å —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –∏ –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—â—É—é –µ–≥–æ —Ä–∞—Å—Ç—è–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ, –∏ –≤—Ç–æ—Ä—É—é – –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â—É—é –Ω–∞ –∏–∑–≥–∏–± 70-80 —Å–º.

–í—Å—è–∫–∏–π —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫ –¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω –±—ã—Ç—å —Å–Ω–∞–±–∂–µ–Ω –º–æ—Ç–æ–≤–∏–ª—å—Ü–∞–º–∏ –¥–ª—è –Ω–∞–º–æ—Ç–∫–∏ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏, –∏ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º –¥–ª—è –µ–µ –∑–∞–∫—Ä–µ–ø–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ú–æ—Ç–æ–≤–∏–ª—å—Ü–µ – —ç—Ç–æ –¥–≤–∞ –∫—Ä—é—á–∫–∞, —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏–∑ –∞–ª—é–º–∏–Ω–∏–µ–≤–æ–π –∏–ª–∏ –º–µ–¥–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≤–æ–ª–æ–∫–∏ –∏ –ø—Ä–∏–∫—Ä–µ–ø–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∫ —Ä—É–∫–æ—è—Ç–∫–µ –∏ —Å—Ç–µ–±–ª—é —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –ª–∞–∫–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–π –æ–±–º–æ—Ç–∫–∏. –í—Å—Ç—Ä–µ—á–∞—é—Ç—Å—è —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∏ —Å –ø—Ä–æ—Å–≤–µ—Ä–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –¥—ã—Ä–æ—á–∫–∞–º–∏ –¥–ª—è –º–æ—Ç–æ–≤–∏–ª–µ—Ü. –ù—É–∂–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥—É–ø—Ä–µ–¥–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞—é—â–µ–≥–æ —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤–∞, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –æ–Ω –æ—Å—Ç–µ—Ä–µ–≥–∞–ª—Å—è –ø–æ–∫—É–ø–∞—Ç—å —Ç–∞–∫–∏–µ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∏, —Ç–∞–∫ –∫–∞–∫ –≤ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞—Ö, –≥–¥–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Å–≤–µ—Ä–ª–µ–Ω—ã –¥—ã—Ä–æ—á–∫–∏, —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –ª–æ–º–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è. –£—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∫—Ä–µ–ø–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –ª—é–±—ã–º, –ª–∏—à—å –±—ã –æ–Ω–æ —É–¥–æ–≤–ª–µ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä—è–ª–æ —Ç—Ä–µ–º –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—ã–º —Ç—Ä–µ–±–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è–º:

1) –Ω–∞–¥–µ–∂–Ω–æ –∑–∞–∫—Ä–µ–ø–ª—è–ª–æ –ª–µ—Å–∫—É;
2) –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–ª–æ —Å –º–∏–Ω–∏–º–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–º–∏ —É—Å–∏–ª–∏—è–º–∏ –æ—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–∂–¥–∞—Ç—å –ª–µ—Å–∫—É –∏ —Å–Ω–æ–≤–∞ –µ–µ –∑–∞–∫—Ä–µ–ø–ª—è—Ç—å;
3) –Ω–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–ª–æ –ª–µ—Å–∫—É –∏ –Ω–µ –Ω–∞—Ä—É—à–∞–ª–æ –µ–µ –ø—Ä–æ—á–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å.

–ù–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–∫–µ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–∫—Ä–µ–ø–ª—è—é—Ç –Ω–µ–±–æ–ª—å—à—É—é –ø–µ—Ç–µ–ª—å–∫—É –∏–∑ —à–µ–ª–∫–æ–≤–æ–π –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏. –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∞ –≥–ª—É–±–∏–Ω–∞ –∏ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –∑–∞–∫—Ä–µ–ø–∏—Ç—å –ª–µ—Å–∫—É, –æ–Ω–∞ —Å–∫–ª–∞–¥—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–µ—Ç–µ–ª—å–∫–æ–π, –ø—Ä–æ–¥–µ–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –ø–µ—Ç–ª—é –∫—Ä–µ–ø–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏ –∑–∞–∫–∏–¥—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∑–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–∫ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞. –ù–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–∫ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –Ω–∞–º–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç –≤ –≥–æ—Ä–∏–∑–æ–Ω—Ç–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–º –ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –¥–≤–∞ –≤–∏—Ç–∫–∞ —Å–ø–∏—Ä–∞–ª–∏ –∏–∑ –º–µ–¥–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≤–æ–ª–æ–∫–∏. –≠—Ç–∞ —Å–ø–∏—Ä–∞–ª—å –ø–ª–æ—Ç–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–µ–≥–∞–µ—Ç –∫ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫—É, –∏ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞ –∑–∞—â–µ–º–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –º–µ–∂–¥—É —Å–ø–∏—Ä–∞–ª—å—é –∏ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–æ–º. –ú–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ª–µ—Å–∫—É –∑–∞—â–µ–º–ª—è—Ç—å –º–µ–∂–¥—É –≤–∏—Ç–∫–∞–º–∏ —Å–ø–∏—Ä–∞–ª–∏. –ù–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ–∫ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –≤–∏–¥–∞ –∫—Ä–µ–ø–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞ —Å–æ—Å–∫–∞–∫–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫ –ø–æ–≤–µ—Ä–Ω—É—Ç –≤ —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω—É, –æ–±—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω—É—é —Ö–æ–¥—É –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏. –ß—Ç–æ–±—ã –∏–∑–±–µ–∂–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ–π –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–∏—è—Ç–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏, –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ —Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–µ–Ω–¥–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å –¥–≤–∞ –æ–±–æ—Ä–æ—Ç–∞ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏: –Ω–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–º –æ–±–æ—Ä–æ—Ç–µ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞ –∑–∞–∂–∏–º–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –º–µ–∂–¥—É —Å–ø–∏—Ä–∞–ª—å—é –∏ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–æ–º, –∞ –Ω–∞ –≤—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º –æ–±–æ—Ä–æ—Ç–µ – –º–µ–∂–¥—É –≤–∏—Ç–∫–∞–º–∏ —Å–ø–∏—Ä–∞–ª–∏. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–µ–º –¥–∞–µ—Ç —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏–µ —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç—ã.

–ù–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–∫ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –Ω–∞—Å–∞–∂–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–æ–±–æ—á–∫–∞ –∏–ª–∏ —Ä–µ–∑–∏–Ω–æ–≤–æ–µ –∫–æ–ª–µ—á–∫–æ. –ü—Ä–µ–¥–≤–∞—Ä–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –≤ –æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ä—Å—Ç–∏–µ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–±–æ—á–∫–µ –∏–ª–∏ —á–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –∫–æ–ª—å—Ü–æ –ø—Ä–æ–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞. –î–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ —á—É—Ç—å –Ω–∞–∂–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–±–æ—á–∫—É, –∫–∞–∫ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –∑–∞–∫—Ä–µ–ø–ª–µ–Ω–∞. –ù–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–∫–æ–º —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–∞ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ç–æ, —á—Ç–æ –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–π –∫—É—Å–æ–∫ –ø—Ä–æ–±–∫–∏ –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ–Ω–∫–æ–º –∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–∫–µ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞. –≠—Ç–æ –Ω–µ—Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤–∏–µ —Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä–æ–≤ –±—Ä–æ—Å–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –≥–ª–∞–∑–∞, –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤–ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≥—Ä—É–±–æ–π, –Ω–µ–∫—Ä–∞—Å–∏–≤–æ–π —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç–∏. –†–µ–∑–∏–Ω–∫–∞ –∂–µ –ª–µ–≥–∫–æ –≤—ã—Ç—è–≥–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∏, –∫—Ä–æ–º–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ç—Å—è –æ—Ç –º–æ—Ä–æ–∑–∞; –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –∑–∞ –Ω–µ–π –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ —Å–ª–µ–¥–∏—Ç—å, –¥–æ–≤–æ–ª—å–Ω–æ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å –µ–µ –∏ –∏–º–µ—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∏ —Å–µ–±–µ –∑–∞–ø–∞—Å —Ç–∞–∫–∏—Ö –∫–æ–ª–µ—á–µ–∫. –î–ª—è –∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª–µ–π –≥–æ—Ä–æ–¥–æ–≤ –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∞—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç–∏. –†—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤–∞–º –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –≤—ã–µ–∑–∂–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞ –≤–æ–¥–æ–µ–º—ã, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è –≥–æ—Ä–æ–¥—Å–∫–æ–π –∏ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–æ—Ä–æ–¥–Ω—ã–π —Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å–ø–æ—Ä—Ç. –ü–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –∑–∞–±–æ—Ç—É –æ —Ü–µ–ª–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è —Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –∏–Ω–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ; –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –±–µ—Ä–µ–∂–Ω–æ —É–∫–ª–∞–¥—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å—Ä–∞–≤–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ —Ö—Ä—É–ø–∫–∏–µ —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç–∏, –ø—Ä–µ–¥–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è—è –∏—Ö –æ—Ç —Ç–æ–ª—á–∫–æ–≤ –∏ –ø–æ–ª–æ–º–æ–∫.

–ü—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–∏–∫–∞ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–µ –≤—Å–µ —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—ã –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø–æ–Ω—è–ª–∏ —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–æ–º —Å –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–æ–π –∏ –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É —É –Ω–∏—Ö –±—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç —á–∞—Å—Ç—ã–µ —Å—Ö–æ–¥—ã —Ä—ã–±—ã –∏ –∑–∞–º–µ—Ä–∑–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ –Ω–∞ –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–µ. –≠—Ç–∏ —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—ã —Å—Ç–∞—Ä–∞–ª–∏—Å—å —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–æ–π –¥–∞–∂–µ –ø—Ä–∏ –ø–æ–∏–º–∫–µ –µ—Ä—à–∏–∫–∞. –ù—É–∂–Ω–æ —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –≤ —Ç–µ—Ö —Å–ª—É—á–∞—è—Ö, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —Ü–µ–ª–µ—Å–æ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–Ω–æ –≤–æ—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –≤—Å–µ–º–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–∏–º—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞–º–∏ —Ö–æ–¥–æ–≤–æ–π —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç–∏, –∞ –∏–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –¥–ª—è –±–æ—Ä—å–±—ã —Å –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω–æ–π —Ä—ã–±–æ–π, –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–µ —É–¥–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–æ. –í–º–µ—Å—Ç–µ —Å —ç—Ç–∏–º –ø—Ä–∏ –ø–æ–∏–º–∫–µ –º–µ–ª–∫–æ–π —Ä—ã–±—ã (–¥–æ 500 –≥) –Ω–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–¥–æ–±–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–æ–π –∏ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –≤—ã—Ç–∞—Å–∫–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ä—ã–±—É, –∫–∞–∫ –ø—Ä–∏ –∂–µ—Å—Ç–∫–æ –∑–∞–∫—Ä–µ–ø–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç–∏. –¢–æ–≥–¥–∞ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è –≥–ª—É–±–∏–Ω–∞, (–Ω–µ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–π –ø–æ–π–º–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–π —Ä—ã–±—ã –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ—Ä—è—Ç—å –≥–ª—É–±–∏–Ω—É), –Ω–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–∑–∞—Ç—å –ª–µ–¥ –Ω–∞ —Ç—é–ª—å–ø–∞–Ω–µ –∏ —Å–º–µ—Ä–∑–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞ –Ω–∞ –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–µ –∏ –Ω–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç —Å—Ö–æ–¥–æ–≤ —Ä—ã–±—ã. –ü—Ä–∏ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –ª—É–Ω–∫–∏ —É–¥–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–æ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–∏ –Ω–µ—Å–æ–º–Ω–µ–Ω–Ω–æ, –≤ –æ—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≥–ª—É–±–∏–Ω–∞ –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–≤—ã—à–∞–µ—Ç 2 –º.

–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –∑–∞—Å–µ—á–µ–Ω–∞ –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω–∞—è —Ä—ã–±–∞, —Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∞ —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É–ø–æ—Ä–Ω–æ —É—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –≤ —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω—É, –∏ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞ –≤ —ç—Ç–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –Ω–∞—Ç—è–≥–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ—á–µ–Ω—å —Å–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ, –∞ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫ –∏–∑–≥–∏–±–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–æ—á—Ç–∏ –¥–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–∞. –ï—Å–ª–∏ —Ä—ã–±–∞ –ø–æ–ø–∞–ª–∞—Å—å –æ—á–µ–Ω—å –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω–∞—è, —Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏—Å—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –∫–∞—Ç–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ—Ñ–∞: —Ä–≤–µ—Ç—Å—è –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞, –ª–æ–º–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∫—Ä—é—á–æ–∫ –∏ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω–∞ –≤—ã—Å–∫–∞–∫–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç –∏–∑ –ø–∞—Å—Ç–∏ —Ä—ã–±—ã –∏–ª–∏ –ª–æ–º–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫, –∞ –∑–∞—Ç–µ–º —Ä–≤–µ—Ç—Å—è –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞. –í —ç—Ç–æ—Ç –º–æ–º–µ–Ω—Ç —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç —Å—Ç–æ—è –∏ –Ω–∞ –≤—ã—Ç—è–Ω—É—Ç–æ–π —Ä—É–∫–µ –¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –∏–∑–æ–≥–Ω—É–≤—à–∏–π—Å—è —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫. –í—Å–µ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—è –æ–Ω –ø—Ä–∏–ª–∞–≥–∞–µ—Ç –∫ —Ç–æ–º—É, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã, –º–µ–¥–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ —Å–¥–∞–≤–∞—è –ª–µ—Å–∫—É, –æ—Ç–¥–∞–ª–∏—Ç—å –º–æ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –∫–∞—Ç–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ—Ñ—ã. –†—ã–±–∞ –ø—Ä–∏ —ç—Ç–æ–º –∏—Å–ø—ã—Ç—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –±–æ–ª—å, –æ–Ω–∞ –Ω–µ –≤—ã–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç –¥–ª–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ –Ω–∞—Ç—è–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ –∏ –æ—Å–ª–∞–±–ª—è–µ—Ç –µ–µ, —á–µ–º –±–æ–ª—å –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –æ–±–ª–µ–≥—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è. –í —ç—Ç–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤ —á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –æ—Å–ª–∞–±–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ – —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫ –Ω–µ–º–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ä–∞–∑–≥–∏–±–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è, –Ω–æ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –Ω–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –¥–æ–ø—É—Å–∫–∞—Ç—å: –∫–∞–∫ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞ –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –æ—Å–ª–∞–±–µ–≤–∞—Ç—å, —Å–µ–π—á–∞—Å –∂–µ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –ø–æ–¥—Ç—è–≥–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å –µ–µ, –ø–æ–¥–Ω–∏–º–∞—è —Ä—É–∫—É –∫–≤–µ—Ä—Ö—É.

–ù–∞–∫–æ–Ω–µ—Ü, –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞–µ—Ç –º–æ–º–µ–Ω—Ç, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã—à–µ –ø–æ–¥–Ω—è—Ç—å —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫ –Ω–µ–ª—å–∑—è, –∞ –ø–æ–¥–æ –ª—å–¥–æ–º –µ—â–µ –º–µ—Ç—Ä–∞ 2 – 3 –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ –∏ —Ä—ã–±–∞. –¢–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–≤–∞—Ç–∏—Ç—å –ª–µ–≤–æ–π —Ä—É–∫–æ–π –ª–µ—Å–∫—É –ø–æ–Ω–∏–∂–µ –∏ –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ç—å –µ–µ –∫–æ–Ω—Ü–æ–º —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞ —Ç–∞–∫, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ª–µ—Å–∞ –±—ã–ª–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–∫–∏–Ω—É—Ç–∞ —á–µ—Ä–µ–∑ —É–¥–∏–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –¥–æ –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–π —Å—Ç–µ–ø–µ–Ω–∏ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç —Å–º—è–≥—á–∞—Ç—å —Ä—ã–≤–∫–∏ —Ä—ã–±—ã. –ï—Å–ª–∏ —Ä—ã–±–∞ –Ω–∞—Ç—è–Ω–µ—Ç –æ—á–µ–Ω—å —Å–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ, —Ç–æ –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–∞—Ç—å –ª–µ—Å–∫—É –∏ –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞—Ç—å –≤—Å–µ —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞. –ü—Ä–∏ –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–π –≥–ª—É–±–∏–Ω–µ –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–≤–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å –ª–µ—Å–∫—É –¥–≤–∞ – —Ç—Ä–∏ —Ä–∞–∑–∞ –∏ –≤—Å–µ –∂–µ –Ω–µ—Ç –≥–∞—Ä–∞–Ω—Ç–∏–∏, —á—Ç–æ —Ä—ã–±–∞ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤—ã—Ç–∞—â–µ–Ω–∞. –ü—Ä–∏ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–º —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–µ –≤—ã–≤–∞–∂–∏–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –≤—ã–Ω—É—Ç–∞—è –∏–∑ –≤–æ–¥—ã –ª–µ—Å–∫–∞ –ª–æ–∂–∏—Ç—Å—è –æ–∫–æ–ª–æ –ª—É–Ω–∫–∏, –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–∑–∞–µ—Ç –∏ —Ü–µ–ø–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –∑–∞ –∫–∞–∂–¥—É—é –ª—å–¥–∏–Ω–∫—É; —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –∏–∑–±–µ–∂–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ—Ä–µ–∑–∞ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏, –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è —Ç—â–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ —É–±–∏—Ä–∞—Ç—å –ø–ª–æ—â–∞–¥–∫—É –æ–∫–æ–ª–æ –ª—É–Ω–∫–∏. –í –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å—Å–µ –±–æ—Ä—å–±—ã –Ω–∞ –ª–µ—Å–∫—É –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞—é—Ç, –æ–Ω–∞ –∑–∞–ø—É—Ç—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è, –∏ –≤–æ–æ–±—â–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–∏—è—Ç–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–µ–π.

–ü—Ä–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–µ —Å –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–æ–π —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—É —Å–æ–≤–µ—Ä—à–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –Ω–µ –æ–ø–∞—Å–Ω–æ –≤—ã–≤–∞–∂–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω—É—é —Ä—ã–±—É. –í –ª—é–±–æ–π –º–æ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –æ–Ω –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —Å–¥–∞—Ç—å —Å—Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ª–µ—Å—ã, —Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±—É—é—Ç –æ–±—Å—Ç–æ—è—Ç–µ–ª—å—Å—Ç–≤–∞, –∏ —Å–µ–π—á–∞—Å –∂–µ, –ø—É—Ç–µ–º –≤—Ä–∞—â–µ–Ω–∏—è –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–∏, –≤–æ–∑–æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞—Ç—è–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏, —Ç.–µ. –≤—ã–≤–∞–∂–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ä—ã–±—É, –ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è—Å—å –≤—Å–µ–º–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–∏–º—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞–º–∏ —Ö–æ–¥–æ–≤–æ–π —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç–∏. –ù—É–∂–Ω–æ –∑–∞–º–µ—Ç–∏—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–∏ –Ω–∞–ª–∏—á–∏–∏ –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–∏, –ø–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ—Ä–º–æ–∑, –Ω–∏–∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –æ–±—Ä—ã–≤–∞ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ –ø—Ä–∏ –ø–æ–¥—Å–µ—á–∫–µ. –ö–∞–∫ –±—ã –≥—Ä—É–±–æ –Ω–∏ –ø–æ–¥—Å–µ–∫ —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤ —Ä—ã–±—É, –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–∫–∞ –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ —Å—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç —Å –¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—á–Ω—ã–º —É—Å–∏–ª–∏–µ–º –¥–ª—è –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ –Ω–∞–∫–æ–ª–∞ –∫—Ä—é—á–∫–æ–º. –ï–¥–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º –Ω–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–∫–æ–º –∫–∞—Ç—É—à–µ—á–Ω–æ–π —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç–∏ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞—Ç—å –∑–∞–º–µ—Ä–∑–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏, –Ω–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –µ—Å—Ç—å –≤–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ –Ω–∞–¥–µ–∂–Ω–æ–µ —Å—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ – –¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—Ç—å –ª–µ—Å–∫—É —Å—É—Ö–æ–π. –ù–∞ –º–æ—Ä–æ–∑–µ —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ –æ—á–µ–Ω—å –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ – –Ω–∞–¥–æ –ª–∏—à—å –ø—Ä–æ–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞–º–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞—é—â—É—é—Å—è –ª–µ—Å–∫—É —á–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –ø–∞–ª—å—Ü—ã, –∞ –≤–æ –∏–∑–±–µ–∂–∞–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–∑–∞–Ω–∏—è –ª—å–¥–∞ –Ω–∞ —Ç—é–ª—å–ø–∞–Ω–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –≤—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–∞–º–∏ –æ—Ç–æ–≥—Ä–µ–≤–∞—Ç—å –µ–≥–æ —Ä—É–∫–æ–π.

–ü–æ–¥–ª–µ–¥–Ω—ã–π –ª–æ–≤ –Ω–∞ —É–¥–æ—á–∫–∏ –æ—Ç–ª–∏—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ—Ç –ø—Ä–æ—á–∏—Ö —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–æ–≤ –∑–∏–º–Ω–µ–π –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –æ—Å–æ–±–æ–π –ø—Ä–∏–≤–ª–µ–∫–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é, –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ—Ç–æ–π –æ—â—É—â–µ–Ω–∏–π –∏ –∑–∞—Ö–≤–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞—é—â–∏–º –∏–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–µ—Å–æ–º. –ü—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ –≤ –≤–æ—Å–∫—Ä–µ—Å–µ–Ω—å–µ –Ω–∞ –≤–æ–∫–∑–∞–ª –∫ –æ—Ç—Ö–æ–¥—É –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —ç–ª–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–∏—á–∫–∏, –∏ –≤—ã —É–≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ, –Ω–µ–∑–∞–≤–∏—Å–∏–º–æ –æ—Ç —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏—è –ø–æ–≥–æ–¥—ã, –∫–∞–∫ —Å–æ—Ç–Ω–∏ –ª—é–¥–µ–π, –Ω–∞–≥—Ä—É–∂–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Ä—ã–±–∞—Ü–∫–∏–º –∏–º—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º, —Ç–æ—Ä–æ–ø—è—Ç—Å—è –∫—É–ø–∏—Ç—å –±–∏–ª–µ—Ç –∏ –∑–∞–Ω—è—Ç—å –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ –≤ –≤–∞–≥–æ–Ω–µ. –ü–æ—Å–ª—É—à–∞–π—Ç–µ, —á—Ç–æ –¥–µ–ª–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –≤–∞–≥–æ–Ω–∞—Ö. –¢–∞–º –∏–¥—É—Ç —Å–∞–º—ã–µ –æ–∂–∏–≤–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —Ä–∞–∑–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä—ã –æ —Ç–æ–º, –∫–∞–∫ –∏ –≥–¥–µ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–µ–µ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –±—Ä–∞–ª–∞ —Ä—ã–±–∞, –∫–∞–∫–æ–π –∫–ª–µ–≤ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –±–ª–∏–∂–∞–π—à–∏–µ –¥–Ω–∏, –Ω–∞ –∫–∞–∫–∏–µ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã —Ä—ã–±–∞ –±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç –ª—É—á—à–µ; –≤–µ–¥—É—Ç—Å—è –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–Ω—á–∞–µ–º—ã–µ —Å–ø–æ—Ä—ã –æ —Ç–æ–º, –∫–∞–∫–∞—è —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç—å –ª—É—á—à–µ. –¢—É—Ç –∂–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å —Å–∞–º—ã–µ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–æ–±–Ω—ã–µ —Å–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è, –≥–¥–µ –∫—É–ø–∏—Ç—å –ª–µ—Å–∫–∏ –∏ –∫–∞–∫–æ–π –æ–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–æ—á–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏, –≥–¥–µ –ø—Ä–æ–¥–∞—é—Ç—Å—è —Å–∞–º—ã–µ –ª—É—á—à–∏–µ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—ã, –∏ –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏—Ö –Ω—É–∂–Ω—ã—Ö —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—É —Å–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏–π. –ù–æ–≤–∏—á–∫—É —Å–ø–µ—Ä–≤–∞ —Ç—Ä—É–¥–Ω–æ –±—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç —Ä–∞–∑–æ–±—Ä–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –≤ –º–∞—Å—Å–µ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏–π, –Ω–æ –ø—Ä–æ–π–¥–µ—Ç –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –∏ –æ–Ω —Å–∞–º –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞–µ—Ç —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –≤ —Ä–∞–∑–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∞—Ö –∏ –µ–∑–¥–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞ “—Å–≤–æ–∏” –∏–∑–ª—é–±–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞.

–ü—Ä–∏ –ø–æ–¥–ª–µ–¥–Ω–æ–º –ª–æ–≤–µ —Å–æ–≤–µ—Ä—à–µ–Ω–Ω–æ —Ç–∞–∫ –∂–µ, –∫–∞–∫ –∏ –ø—Ä–∏ –ø—Ä–æ—á–∏—Ö —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–∞—Ö –ª–æ–≤–∞ –Ω–∞ —É–¥–æ—á–∫–∏, –∫–ª–µ–≤ —Ä—ã–±—ã –±—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏–π –∏ –ø–ª–æ—Ö–æ–π, –∏ –Ω–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å–µ–±–µ –∏–ª–ª—é–∑–∏–π –æ –∫–∞–∫–∏—Ö-—Ç–æ –≥—Ä–∞–Ω–¥–∏–æ–∑–Ω—ã—Ö –∑–∏–º–Ω–∏—Ö —É–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ö. –ú–Ω–æ–≥–∏–µ —Å—É–¥—è—Ç –æ –∫–∞—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–µ –∫–ª–µ–≤–∞ –ø–æ –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É –æ–∫—É–Ω–µ–π, –≤—ã–ª–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏–∑ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–π –ª—É–Ω–∫–∏. –û–±—ã—á–Ω—ã–π —É–ª–æ–≤ – –æ—Ç 3 –¥–æ 5 –∫–≥ (40-60 —à—Ç—É–∫) –∑–∞ –¥–µ–Ω—å: 15-20 –ª—É–Ω–æ–∫, –ø–æ 3-4 –æ–∫—É–Ω—è –∏–∑ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–π –ª—É–Ω–∫–∏. –ù–æ –±—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç –∏ —Ç–∞–∫–∏–µ —Å–ª—É—á–∞–∏, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –∏–∑ —Ç—Ä–µ—Ö –ø—Ä–æ–±–∏—Ç—ã—Ö –ª—É–Ω–æ–∫ –≤—ã–Ω–∏–º–∞–µ—à—å —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ–∫—É–Ω—è, –∞ –∏–Ω–æ–≥–¥–∞ –∏ –µ—â–µ —Ö—É–∂–µ: –æ—Ç—ã—Å–∫–∏–≤–∞—è —Ä—ã–±—É, –±—å–µ—à—å –ª—É–Ω–∫—É –∑–∞ –ª—É–Ω–∫–æ–π, –∞ –æ–∫—É–Ω—è –Ω–µ—Ç. –ó–∞—á–∞—Å—Ç—É—é –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–±–∏—Ç–æ–π –ª—É–Ω–∫–µ –¥–æ–±—å–µ—à—å—Å—è –¥–≤—É—Ö – —Ç—Ä–µ—Ö “–ø–æ—Å—Ç—É–∫–∏–≤–∞–Ω–∏–π”, –∞ –æ–∫—É–Ω—è –Ω–µ –≤–æ–∑—å–º–µ—à—å –Ω–∏ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ. –ü–æ —Å—Ç–∞—Ç–∏—Å—Ç–∏–∫–µ –Ω–∞–∏–ª—É—á—à–∏–µ —É–ª–æ–≤—ã –±—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç –≤ –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–µ –∑–∏–º—ã, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —Ç–æ–ª—â–∏–Ω–∞ –ª—å–¥–∞ –Ω–µ –ø—Ä–µ–≤—ã—à–∞–µ—Ç 20 —Å–º, –∏ –≤ –≤–µ—Å–µ–Ω–Ω–∏–π –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥ –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞—è —Å –º–∞—Ä—Ç–∞. –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –ª–µ–¥ –µ—â–µ —Ç–æ–Ω–∫–∏–π, –æ–∫—É–Ω—è –Ω–∞–π—Ç–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –ª–µ–≥—á–µ, —á–µ–º –ø—Ä–∏ –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–π —Ç–æ–ª—â–∏–Ω–µ –ª—å–¥–∞. –ü–æ –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–º—É –ª—å–¥—É –ø—Ä–æ–±–∏–≤–∞—é—Ç –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∫–æ–≤ –ª—É–Ω–æ–∫ –∑–∞ –¥–µ–Ω—å –∏ –≤ –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥—è—Ç –Ω–µ–º–∞–ª–æ –æ–∫—É–Ω–µ–π.

В это время, если под лункой вообще находится окунь, он немедленно бросается на опускающуюся блесну и часто даже не дает рыболову промерить блесной глубину. В начале зимы окунь берет жадно, хорошо и надежно засекается при незначительной протяжке. Когда лед становится толстым, свыше 50 см, приходится в основном пользоваться старыми лунками, хотя они приносят малую добычу; но не следует отказываться и от проделывания новых лунок. Вновь пробитая лунка, как правило, бывает более добычливой, чем старая. В зимы с обильными снегопадами в январе и феврале лед уже не выдерживает большого веса снега и местами начинает оседать. Через трещины и не застывшие лунки вода проникает на поверхность льда и распространяется по водоему. Между льдом и снегом образуется слой воды в 5-10 см. Эта вода не застывает даже при морозе в 20°. Наста в это время, как правило, не бывает, и поэтому снег не держит рыболова, ноги проваливаются до льда и рыболов оказывается по щиколотки в воде.

–í–∞–ª–µ–Ω–∫–∏ —Å –æ–±—ã—á–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≥–∞–ª–æ—à–∞–º–∏ –≤ —ç—Ç–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –ø—Ä–æ–º–æ–∫–∞—é—Ç —Å –ø–µ—Ä–≤—ã—Ö –∂–µ —à–∞–≥–æ–≤, –≤ —Ä–µ–∑–∏–Ω–æ–≤—ã—Ö —Å–∞–ø–æ–≥–∞—Ö –æ—á–µ–Ω—å —Ö–æ–ª–æ–¥–Ω–æ, –∞ –∫–æ–∂–∞–Ω—ã–µ —Å–∞–ø–æ–≥–∏ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –Ω–µ –≤—ã–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞—é—Ç –¥–æ–ª–≥–æ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–µ–±—ã–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –≤ –≤–æ–¥–µ –∏ –ø—Ä–æ–º–æ–∫–∞—é—Ç. –†—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—É –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–∏–æ–±—Ä–µ—Ç–∞—Ç—å —Ç–∞–∫—É—é –æ–±—É–≤—å, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–π –±—ã –Ω–æ–≥–∏ –Ω–µ –º–µ—Ä–∑–ª–∏ –∏ –±—ã–ª–∏ —Å—É—Ö–∏–º–∏. –í —ç—Ç–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –Ω–∞ –≤–∞–ª–µ–Ω–∫–∏ –Ω–∞–¥–µ–≤–∞—é—Ç –±–∞—Ö–∏–ª—ã, –Ω–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–æ—á–Ω—ã. –õ—É—á—à–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞–ª–µ–Ω–∫–∏ –Ω–∞–¥–µ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —Ä–µ–∑–∏–Ω–æ–≤—ã–µ –≥–ª—É–±–æ–∫–∏–µ –≥–∞–ª–æ—à–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –∑–∞–∫—Ä—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç –≤–∞–ª–µ–Ω–∫–∏ –≤—ã—à–µ —â–∏–∫–æ–ª–æ—Ç–æ–∫. –¢–∞–∫–∏–µ –≥–∞–ª–æ—à–∏ –±–µ–∑ —Ç—Ä—É–¥–∞ –Ω–∞–¥–µ–≤–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –≤–∞–ª–µ–Ω–∫–∏ –∏ —Å–Ω–∏–º–∞—é—Ç—Å—è —Å –Ω–∏—Ö –ø—Ä–∏ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—É—à–∫–µ –≤–∞–ª–µ–Ω–æ–∫. –í –∫—Ä–∞–π–Ω–µ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–∏–æ–±—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–∏ —Ä–µ–∑–∏–Ω–æ–≤—ã–µ —Å–∞–ø–æ–≥–∏ –Ω–∞ –¥–≤–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä–∞ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –±—ã–ª–æ –±—ã –Ω–∞–¥–µ—Ç—å —à–µ—Ä—Å—Ç—è–Ω—ã–µ –Ω–æ—Å–∫–∏ –∏ –Ω–∞–º–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å —Ç–µ–ø–ª—ã–µ –ø–æ—Ä—Ç—è–Ω–∫–∏. –û–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ –∏ –ø—Ä–∏ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏—è—Ö –Ω–æ–≥–∏ –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞—é—Ç –ø–æ—Ç–µ—Ç—å, –∞ –∑–∞—Ç–µ–º –º–µ—Ä–∑–Ω—É—Ç—å. –í–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –º–µ–∂–¥—É –ª—å–¥–æ–º –∏ —Å–Ω–µ–≥–æ–º –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–≤–∞–ª–∞—Å—å –≤–æ–¥–∞, –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥–≤–∏–≥–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –ø–æ –ª—å–¥—É –Ω–∞–¥–æ –æ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–∂–Ω–æ, —Ç–∞–∫ –∫–∞–∫ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –≤ –Ω–µ –∑–∞—Å—Ç—ã–≤—à—É—é –ª—É–Ω–∫—É –∏ –≤—ã–≤–∏—Ö–Ω—É—Ç—å –Ω–æ–≥—É.

–î–ª—è –æ–±–µ—Å–ø–µ—á–µ–Ω–∏—è —É—Å–ø–µ—à–Ω—ã—Ö –≤—ã–µ–∑–¥–æ–≤ –Ω–∞ —Ä—ã–±–Ω—É—é –ª–æ–≤–ª—é –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ –∫ —ç—Ç–æ–º—É –≤—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—Ç—å –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –∑–∏–º–Ω–∏—Ö —Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–æ–∫ –æ–∫—É–Ω—è –∏–ª–∏ —â—É–∫–∏ (—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä—è –ø–æ —Ç–æ–º—É, –∫–∞–∫—É—é —Ä—ã–±—É —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –ª–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å) –∏ –∏–¥—Ç–∏ –Ω–∞ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞. –ù–∞–π—Ç–∏ —Ç–∞–∫–∏–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ – –¥–µ–ª–æ —Å–ª–æ–∂–Ω–æ–µ –∏ —Ç—Ä–µ–±—É—é—â–µ–µ –¥–µ—Ç–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏–∑—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤–æ–¥–æ–µ–º–∞. –ù—É–∂–Ω–æ –∏–∑—É—á–∏—Ç—å –ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Å –∫–æ—Ä–º–∞–º–∏, —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏–µ –∫–∏—Å–ª–æ—Ä–æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–∞ –∏ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞–∏–±–æ–ª—å—à–µ–≥–æ –≤—ã–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –æ—Ç—Ä–∞–≤–ª—è—é—â–∏—Ö –≤–æ–¥—É –≥–∞–∑–æ–≤ –æ—Ç —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∞–≥–∞—é—â–∏—Ö—Å—è –≤–æ–¥–æ—Ä–æ—Å–ª–µ–π – —É–≥–ª–µ–∫–∏—Å–ª–æ–≥–æ –≥–∞–∑–∞, –±–æ–ª–æ—Ç–Ω–æ–≥–æ –≥–∞–∑–∞ (–º–µ—Ç–∞–Ω–∞) –∏ —Å–µ—Ä–æ–≤–æ–¥–æ—Ä–æ–¥–∞. –ß—Ä–µ–∑–º–µ—Ä–Ω–æ–µ –≤—ã–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö –≥–∞–∑–æ–≤ –ø—Ä–∏ –Ω–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–∫–µ –∫–∏—Å–ª–æ—Ä–æ–¥–∞ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–æ–π –∑–∞–º–æ—Ä–∞ —Ä—ã–±—ã. –†—ã–±–∞ –≥–∏–±–Ω–µ—Ç –≤ –≥—Ä–æ–º–∞–¥–Ω—ã—Ö –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞—Ö, —á–µ–º –Ω–∞–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç—Å—è –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–π —É—â–µ—Ä–± –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–Ω–æ–º—É —Ö–æ–∑—è–π—Å—Ç–≤—É. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—à–µ–Ω–∏–∏ —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—ã, –ª—é–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –∑–∏–º–Ω–µ–π –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏, –ø—Ä–æ–¥–µ–ª—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç –±–æ–ª—å—à—É—é –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω—É—é —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É, –¥–µ–ª–∞—è –ø—Ä–æ—Ä—É–±–∏, —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–µ –æ–±–æ–≥–∞—â–µ–Ω–∏—é –≤–æ–¥—ã –∫–∏—Å–ª–æ—Ä–æ–¥–æ–º. –ú–Ω–æ–≥–∏–µ –ª—é–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏-—Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤—ã –Ω–µ —Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è —Å –ª–æ–≤–ª–µ–π –≤ —è–Ω–≤–∞—Ä–µ – —Ñ–µ–≤—Ä–∞–ª–µ –∏, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –æ—Ç–º–∞—Ö–Ω—É—Ç—å—Å—è –æ—Ç —Ä–µ—à–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å–ª–æ–∂–Ω—ã—Ö –≤–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å–æ–≤, –Ω–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç —ç—Ç–æ—Ç –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥ “–º–µ—Ä—Ç–≤—ã–º —Å–µ–∑–æ–Ω–æ–º” –∏ –¥–∞–∂–µ –ø—Ä–µ–∫—Ä–∞—â–∞—é—Ç –≤—ã–µ–∑–¥—ã –Ω–∞ —Ä—ã–±–Ω—É—é –ª–æ–≤–ª—é –¥–æ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–µ–≥–æ –ª—å–¥–∞.

При ловле зимой так же, как и летом, большое значение имеет состояние погоды и особенно направление ветра. Замечено, что при северном ветре клев вообще бывает очень плохой; ветры других направлений, по-видимому, такого влияния не оказывают. О температуре воздуха ничего определенного сказать нельзя, и вопрос о том, когда лучше ловится окунь, во время мороза или при оттепели, является предметом нескончаемых споров. Иногда даже в мороз до 30° окунь ловится хорошо, а бывает так, что в оттепель ловится еще лучше. В то же время нередки случаи, когда и в оттепель и в мороз окунь совершенно не ловится, и за целый день иной раз с великим трудом поймаешь только десяток. В связи с этим возникает целый ряд вопросов, ответы на которые не получены. Главный вопрос такой: ведь водоем закрыт толстым слоем льда и снега. Спрашивается: как рыба узнает направление ветра? И как она определяет мороз и оттепель?

–¢—â–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å–∏ —É–ª–æ–≤–æ–≤ –∏ —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏–π –≤–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –Ω–µ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è—é—Ç —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥—ã –∏ –æ–±–æ–±—â–µ–Ω–∏—è – –Ω–∞—Å—Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤–æ—Ä–µ—á–∏–≤—ã. –ü–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤, –æ—Ç–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª—è—è—Å—å –Ω–∞ —Ä—ã–±–∞–ª–∫—É, –Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∏—á–µ–≥–æ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–æ—è—â–µ–º —É–ª–æ–≤–µ. –í—Å–µ –∂–µ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –∑–∞–º–µ—Ç–∏—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–æ–π —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏—Ö —É–ª–æ–≤–æ–≤ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —É–¥–∞—á–Ω—ã–π –≤—ã–±–æ—Ä –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏. –í—Å—è–∫–∏–π –≤–æ–¥–æ–µ–º —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–µ–¥–≤–∞—Ä–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –∏–∑—É—á–∏—Ç—å: —É–∑–Ω–∞—Ç—å, –≥–¥–µ –≤–æ–æ–±—â–µ –±—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç —É–ª–æ–≤—ã, –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ —Å–∞–º–æ–º—É, –∏ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –Ω–∞ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–º –∏–∑ –Ω–∞–º–µ—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –º–µ—Å—Ç –ø–æ—Å—Ç–∏–≥–Ω–µ—Ç –Ω–µ—É–¥–∞—á–∞, —Ç–æ —Å–∫–æ—Ä–µ–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ. –í–º–µ—Å—Ç–µ —Å —ç—Ç–∏–º –Ω–µ–ª—å–∑—è –∑–∞–±—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å –∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–≥–æ –∑–∞–º–µ—á–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ —è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ó–∞—á–∞—Å—Ç—É—é –æ–∫—É–Ω—å –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞–µ—Ç –ª–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –æ—á–µ–Ω—å —Ä–∞–Ω–æ —É—Ç—Ä–æ–º –∏ –∫ –≤–æ—Å—Ö–æ–¥—É —Å–æ–ª–Ω—Ü–∞ –ø–æ—á—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–∫—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç –±—Ä–∞—Ç—å. –û–∫–æ–ª–æ 11 —á–∞—Å–æ–≤ —É—Ç—Ä–∞ —Å–Ω–æ–≤–∞ –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å–ª–∞–±—ã–π –∫–ª–µ–≤ –∏ –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ –∫–æ–Ω—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è. –í–µ—á–µ—Ä–æ–º, –Ω–∞ –∑–∞–∫–∞—Ç–µ —Å–æ–ª–Ω—Ü–∞, –≤–¥—Ä—É–≥ –æ–ø—è—Ç—å –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏–π –∫–ª–µ–≤, –ø—Ä–æ–¥–æ–ª–∂–∞—é—â–∏–π—Å—è –∏–Ω–æ–≥–¥–∞ –¥–æ —Å–∞–º–æ–π —Ç–µ–º–Ω–æ—Ç—ã.

–ú–Ω–æ–≥–∏—Ö —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤–æ–≤ —ç—Ç–æ —è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø–æ–±—É–∂–¥–∞–µ—Ç –∫ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–º—É –ø—Ä–∏–µ–º—É: –æ–Ω–∏ –Ω–µ —Å—Ö–æ–¥—è—Ç —Å –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –º–µ—Å—Ç –≤ —Ç–µ—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ –¥–Ω—è –∏, –ø–æ–¥–≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–ª—è—è –ª—É–Ω–∫–∏, —Ç–µ—Ä–ø–µ–ª–∏–≤–æ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞—é—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –≤–µ—á–µ—Ä–Ω–µ–≥–æ –∫–ª–µ–≤–∞. –ü–æ–∂–∞–ª—É–π, –≤—ã–≥–æ–¥–Ω–æ –∂–¥–∞—Ç—å –≤–µ—á–µ—Ä–Ω–µ–≥–æ –∫–ª–µ–≤–∞, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω—ã –≤ –∫–∞—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–µ –≤—ã–±—Ä–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞; –Ω–æ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ, —Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç—å—Å—è —Å–æ–≤—Å–µ–º –±–µ–∑ —É–ª–æ–≤–∞. –ü—Ä–∏ –≤—ã–±–æ—Ä–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ —Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–µ–Ω–¥—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–∏–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è —Ç–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–∞: –ø—Ä–µ–¥–≤–∞—Ä–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ (–∏–∑ —Ä–∞–∑–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–æ–≤) –≤—ã—è—Å–Ω–∏—Ç—å, –≥–¥–µ –∏ –∫–∞–∫ –≤—á–µ—Ä–∞ –ª–æ–≤–∏–ª—Å—è –æ–∫—É–Ω—å; –∑–∞—Ç–µ–º, –≤—ã–π–¥—è –Ω–∞ –ª–µ–¥, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤ –≤–µ—Ç—Ä–∞ – —Å —Ç–∞–∫–∏–º —Ä–∞—Å—á–µ—Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø–æ–ø–∞—Å—Ç—å –≤ —Ä–∞–π–æ–Ω, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –±—ã–ª –±—ã –∑–∞—â–∏—â–µ–Ω –æ—Ç –≤–µ—Ç—Ä–∞ –ª–µ—Å–æ–º –∏–ª–∏ –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–∏–º –±–µ—Ä–µ–≥–æ–º. –° –ª–µ—Ç–∞ –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω–æ –∑–∞–º–µ—Ç–∏—Ç—å –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞, –≥–¥–µ –∫–æ–Ω—á–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –≤–æ–¥–æ—Ä–æ—Å–ª–∏ –∏–ª–∏ –∫–∞–º—ã—à–∏, –∑–∏–º–æ–π —Å—Ç–∞—Ä–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –ø—Ä–æ–±–∏—Ç—å –ª—É–Ω–∫—É –ø–æ–±–ª–∏–∂–µ –∫ –≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ü–µ —ç—Ç–æ–π —Ä–∞—Å—Ç–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏. –û–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –≥–ª—É–±–∏–Ω–∞ –≤ —Ç–∞–∫–∏—Ö –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞—Ö –Ω–µ–º–Ω–æ–≥–∏–º –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ–π 1 –º. –ù—É–∂–Ω–æ –ø–æ–º–Ω–∏—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –ø–æ –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–º—É –ª—å–¥—É –∏ –≤–µ—Å–Ω–æ–π –Ω–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –ø–æ–¥—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –∫ —Ç–æ—Ä—á–∞—â–µ–π –∏–∑-–ø–æ–¥–æ –ª—å–¥–∞ —Ç—Ä–∞–≤–µ –∏–ª–∏ –∫–∞–º—ã—à—É –±–ª–∏–∂–µ —á–µ–º –Ω–∞ 3-4 —à–∞–≥–∞, —Ç–∞–∫ –∫–∞–∫ –æ–∫–æ–ª–æ —Ä–∞—Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∏–π –ª–µ–¥ –±—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç —Ç–æ–Ω—å—à–µ, –∞ –≤–µ—Å–Ω–æ–π –æ—Ç –Ω–∞–≥—Ä–µ–≤–∞ —Å–æ–ª–Ω–µ—á–Ω—ã–º–∏ –ª—É—á–∞–º–∏ —É –∫–∞–º—ã—à–∞ –ª–µ–¥ —Ç–∞–µ—Ç —Å–∫–æ—Ä–µ–µ –∏ –ª–µ–≥–∫–æ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏—Ç—å—Å—è.

–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤–µ—Ç–µ—Ä —Å–ª–∞–±—ã–π –∏ –Ω–µ —Å–µ–≤–µ—Ä–Ω—ã–π, —Ü–µ–ª–µ—Å–æ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–Ω–æ –ª–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞ –≤—ã—Ö–æ–¥–µ –∏–∑ –∑–∞–ª–∏–≤–æ–≤, –Ω–∞ –≥–ª—É–±–∏–Ω–µ 4 –º –∏ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ; –µ—Å–ª–∏ —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç –ø–ª–æ—Ö–æ–π, —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –¥–≤–∏–≥–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –±–ª–∏–∂–µ –∫ –±–µ—Ä–µ–≥—É. –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –∏–¥—Ç–∏ –¥–∞–ª–µ–∫–æ, –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω–æ –≤—ã–±–∏—Ä–∞—Ç—å —Ç–∞–∫–æ–π –ø—É—Ç—å, –Ω–∞ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –≤—Å–∫—Ä—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å –ø—Ä–æ–±–∏—Ç—ã–µ –≤—á–µ—Ä–∞ –∏–ª–∏ —Ç—Ä–µ—Ç—å–µ–≥–æ –¥–Ω—è –ª—É–Ω–∫–∏ –∏ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –∫–æ–Ω—Ç—Ä–æ–ª—å–Ω—É—é –ª–æ–≤–ª—é. –ò–Ω–æ–≥–¥–∞ —É–¥–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞—â—É–ø–∞—Ç—å –æ–∫—É–Ω—è, –Ω–µ –¥–æ—Ö–æ–¥—è –¥–æ –Ω–∞–º–µ—á–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞; —Ç–æ–≥–¥–∞ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —Å–º—ã—Å–ª –æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –ª–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–º “—Å–ª—É—á–∞–π–Ω–æ–º” –º–µ—Å—Ç–µ. –ë—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –∏ —Ç–∞–∫: –≤ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞—Ö –ø–æ–¥—Ö–æ–¥—è—â–µ–≥–æ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ —Ä—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤ –ø—Ä–æ–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ—Ç –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥ –Ω–∞–∏–ª—É—á—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–ª–µ–≤–∞; —Ç–æ–≥–¥–∞ –æ–Ω –¥–æ —Å–∞–º–æ–≥–æ –≤–µ—á–µ—Ä–∞ –Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–π—Ç–∏ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–µ–≥–æ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –∏ —É–ª–æ–≤ –µ–≥–æ –æ–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–ª–æ—Ö–∏–º. –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –æ–∫—É–Ω—å –Ω–µ –∏–¥–µ—Ç –Ω–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É, —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–æ –±—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –∑–∞–π—Ç–∏ –≤ –∑–∞–∫—Ä—ã—Ç—ã–π –æ—Ç –≤–µ—Ç—Ä–∞ –∑–∞–ª–∏–≤—á–∏–∫ –∏ –ª–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞ –≥–ª—É–±–∏–Ω–µ 1,5-2 –º –Ω–∞ –º–æ—Ä–º—ã—à–∫—É (—Å –º–æ—Ç—ã–ª–µ–º –∏–ª–∏ –±–µ–∑ –º–æ—Ç—ã–ª—è). –£—Å–ø–µ—Ö –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –Ω–∞ –±–ª–µ—Å–Ω—É –≤ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–æ–º –∑–∞–≤–∏—Å–∏—Ç –æ—Ç –∑–Ω–∞–Ω–∏—è –≤–æ–¥–æ–µ–º–∞, –∫–∞—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞ —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç–∏ –∏ –æ—Ç —É–º–µ–Ω–∏—è —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª—è—Ç—å –µ—é. –ò–º–µ—Ç—å —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à—É—é —Å–Ω–∞—Å—Ç—å –∏ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ –µ—é –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è – –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —Ç—Ä–µ–±–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º–∏ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —É—Å–ø–µ—Ö.

–ü–æ—Ö–æ–∂–∏–µ —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ü—ã:

1. –í—ã–±–æ—Ä –∏ –ø–æ–¥–≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–∫–∞ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ —Ä—ã–±—ã
2. –í–∏–¥—ã –±–ª–µ—Å–µ–Ω –∏ —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ –Ω–∞ –Ω–∏—Ö
3. –†—ã–±–æ–ª–æ–≤–Ω–æ–µ —Å–Ω–∞—Ä—è–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –¥–ª—è –∑–∏–º–Ω–µ–π —Ä—ã–±–∞–ª–∫–∏
4. –°–ø–æ—Å–æ–±—ã –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ —â—É–∫–∏
5. –°–ø–æ—Å–æ–±—ã –ª–æ–≤–ª–∏ —Å—É–¥–∞–∫–∞